ࡱ> OQN &bjbj++ y@AAxH $P  L$Lll:F$H$H$H$H$H$H$,&(t$t$$F$F$n!@$ +K(# 2$$0$# Y)Y)@$$ t$t$$Y) ^:   * INTERPRETATION - "Department" means College/School/Department/Centre/Unit as relevant. 18.16.1 INTRODUCTION Asbestos is a name give to a group of naturally occurring minerals in the form of masses of long silky fibre. Asbestos has been long known for its unique properties i.e. resistance to abrasion, inert to acids and alkalis and stability to elevated temperatures. These attributes meant it was used extensively in the building & construction industry, up until the late 70s/ early 80s, for strengthening cement and plastics. It was also used, by these industries, for heat insulation, fire proofing, sound absorption. Unfortunately, its use has been shown to also cause major health hazards and irreversible diseases (predominately asbestosis, a form of lung cancer). It usually occurs from relatively modest to significant exposure to air containing asbestos dust/small fibres. For this reason the use of most types of asbestos have been banned from general use, since the early 1980s. However, there still is an ever-present potential risk, to personnel (particularly maintenance staff), in some areas as quantities of asbestos still exist in parts of the ҹ޸þÒs older buildings (pre 1980s). These areas have been clearly been identified by the Building & Estates Department and strict controls have been established to where any work is to be carried out. Asbestos (in various forms) may be in walls, tiles, ceilings, insulation or fire doors or fire protection to the soffit of stairways. Since we cannot easily identify it from its appearance, asbestos can only be conclusively detected by a skilled analyst by microscopic examination. It is important to note that there is little or no risk to health from in-situ asbestos materials, which are in a stable, unfrayed or undamaged condition. Significant health risks only arise from exposure to free asbestos fibres and the inhalation of it. In buildings, the liberation of asbestos fibres may generally only arise from the lack of care by contractors in maintenance or refurbishment work e.g. abrasion, cutting, sawing, drilling of existing materials. 2 LEGISLATION The relevant Safety, Health and Welfare legislation outlined in Section3.5 of Document 1, are intended to reduce the risks of health damage caused by exposure to the various forms of asbestos that are known to be in the work place They require employers to take safe action where there is reason to believe that a building or workplace contains asbestos. One requirement is that the employer must carry out a risk assessment associated with the type, position, quantities and condition of the material containing asbestos. In addition, an employer must notify the Health & Safety Authority 28 days before starting any work involving or liable to involve exposure of a worker to asbestos fibres. Anyone working with a notifiable asbestos process is entitled to an annual medical examination. It is also recommended that a chest x-ray is carried out every 3-4 years. 18.16.3 HAZARDS Asbestos materials which can be crumbled or powdered by hand pressure are known as friable asbestos. Friable asbestos when damaged or disturbed release tiny fibres into the air. These dusts are extremely light and small, many having an effective aerodynamic diameter between 0.1 to 10 microns. As a result they become easily airborne and can remain suspended in the air for long periods. Asbestos dusts are odourless and tasteless ,even inert, so one may not become aware of their presence. People who live or work near asbestos related operations are exposed to these airborne asbestos fibres and may inhale them. They are then deposited and persist in the respiratory system and even the gut. Even though asbestos fibres are insoluble and not considered classical toxicants, physical irritation of the lung by dust particles or fibres can cause very serious health effects. Asbestos is a confirmed carcinogen, causing asbestos-related disease. There is usually a long delay, called the latent period between exposure to asbestos dust and onset of the disease. This may vary between 15 - 60 years. Since it has been established that there is no safe level of exposure to asbestos dust, it is vital that the strictest precautions should be taken to avoid the generation of asbestos dust. Personnel who work around or disturb asbestos and ACM are at risk from developing asbestos associated disease. If repair work or refurbishment is carried out which damages asbestos products in buildings e.g. drilling, sawing, cutting or other disturbances, asbestos fibres may be inadvertently released into the air. These may be inhaled by the workers or other personnel subsequently. These fibres may linger and endanger the health of building users, long after the maintenance work has been undertaken! 18.16.3 HAZARDS The following diseases are associated with significant exposure to asbestos: Asbestosis: A chronic lung ailment caused by the development of scar tissue in the lungs. Mesothelioma: An asbestos cancer of the chest cavity lining or abdominal cavity. Other cancers: Other cancers of the lung, oesophagus, stomach, colon and pancreas. Note: In all cases, smoking can increase the risk ten fold. Isolated short-term exposure, whilst unlikely to result in long-term health (generally 40 years development period), may be a source of worry/stress and may culminate in mental/physical ill health. Hence early counselling is advisable in the event of accidental exposure. 18.16.4 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: Check lists provided (where applicable) and Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.16.5 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED. These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: Ensuring any work, refurbishment etc., to be executed, that may release asbestos dust, has prior approval & permit to work given by the Building & Estates Department Using a competent analyst (Enterprise Ireland or College Occupational Hygienist or Professor J. Heffron, Department of Biochemistry, UCC) to determine the type and nature of asbestos present in the suspect materials or products. Recording where all asbestos is and its type/condition (via a building register and A4 drawings). This should be a public document. Not allowing waste containing asbestos to accumulate. Ensuring that persons exposed to asbestos by work or otherwise thoroughly wash hands, face before eating, drinking or smoking. Any member of staff who has accidental exposure to free asbestos should be referred to the College Occupational Health Physician, for health surveillance and counselling. 18.16.6 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.16.7 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Office/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.5.6.   DEPARTMENT SAFETY STATEMENT DOCUMENT NO.2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.16. 0 - Asbestos Rev.3 PAGE 3  PAGE 1 of  NUMPAGES 2 Hum\Doc2\Sect16 DOCUMENT NO.2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.16. 0 - Asbestos (Cont.) 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