ࡱ> jli 6bjbj++ xnAA:-  $PX$|+<00L||||||*******,-0+|||||+||2+:|||*|*(*J.J<**l+<+*,1,10** |||++|||+,1||||||||| :   * INTERPRETATION - "Department" means College/School/Department/Centre/Unit as relevant. 18.11.1 INTRODUCTION The new Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Working at Heights) Regulations, 2006, were initiated in response to the European Working at Height (WAH) Directive, and introduce minimum standards for health and safety for all work that is conducted at height regardless of the amount of time the task takes. For work that lasts longer than a day, these regulations will have little impact as they follow the requirements of the Construction regulations. Where they do have an impact is that now there are clear standards that must be complied with for shorter-term activities conducted at height where previously this may have been open to interpretation. Working at heights used to be an issue when there was a risk of a fall over a distance greater than 2 metres as in the Construction Regulations. This definition has now been replaced in these new regulations, which talk in terms of at height being if a person could be injured falling from it, even if it is at or below ground level. However, this does not include falls at the same level (for example someone tripping over) or falls down a fixed staircase as these are already dealt with under the Workplace Regulations. Fragile roofs are also covered by these regulations. The above Regulations contain specific requirements on the use of ladders or stepladders. They should only be used very short-term work i.e. less that 30 minutes Only for light work where the work can be reached without stretching and where the ladder can be fixed at the top and bottom to prevent slipping Where the risk is low i.e. fall unlikely to occur or where a fall would be unlikely to cause injury Where one can maintain 3 points of contact (hands & feet) at the working position and a handhold is available for climbing in the working position. For work that does not involve carrying bulky or heavy materials, tools or equipment. Employers Duties The main duty is for the employer to assess tasks that are conducted at height; implement controls and make sure all work at height is appropriately planned and supervised. As part of the systematic risk assessments, the employer must look at the work that employees are required to undertake and: Take into account environmental conditions Ensure those involved be trained, competent and in good health Make sure that equipment for WAH be appropriately inspected Control risks where fragile surfaces are involved Control risks from falling objects If it is identified that there is a risk of an injury from a fall from height from some of the tasks employees are required to carry out, then the regulations apply. 18.11.2 HAZARDS The hazards associated with working at height include: Body, Limb & Head injuries Abrasions Disability Deaths Coma Drowning These hazards are associated with the following activities: Many people are hurt by objects falling from height and people themselves falling, while working at heights above ground level. Ladders, trestles, stepladders, scaffolds, mobile elevating work platforms, boatswains chairs/seats, mobile and suspended access equipment (e.g. cradles) are the main safe means of access to heights, especially in relation to building construction, repairs, maintenance, painting etc. They are frequently involved in serious accidents often because of misuse. Many ladder accidents happen during work lasting less than 30 minutes and from using ladders for a job where a mobile tower scaffold or mobile access platform would have been safer and more efficient. Sometimes overlooked are people who have to work over or adjacent to water and may fall due to inadequate safeguards. Strong currents may carry them away even though they may be good swimmers. These situations may apply both to staff, students on fieldwork or building contractors. 18.11.2 HAZARDS (Cont.) Falls from defective stepladders, trestles or ladders or scaffolds. People and/or materials (carried or used) falling from height e.g. books, ledgers, containers, tools, paper reams, building materials, building debris, containers holding hazardous materials e.g. Winchesters or breakable holders may inflict more serious injuries. Falls from elevated positions, whilst attempting to access high windows or materials stored at height whilst using seating, tables or shelving as a means of access. Working on mobile and suspended access equipment or mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs). Accessing/inspecting TV satellites, communication antennae, HVAC equipment, fans, vents, roof lights, external lighting, roofs to ascertain damage/find the source of leaks. 18.11.3 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: (i) Check lists provided (where applicable) and (ii) Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.11.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: Risk Assessment The first step is to identify all situations where employees could be working at heights and to evaluate what control measures are already in place for this work. Remember that working at height is not just an issue for the construction industry and is not just for routine day-to-day activities either. Infrequent relatively short duration tasks are more likely to lack any form of control, so these also need to be identified and controls put into place. The primary objective of the new legislation is to eliminate any work at height where possible, and where not possible to ensure that all work at height is performed safely. The hierarchy of the preventing risk is: Avoid or eliminate any work at height, where possible. Proper use of work equipment or other measures to prevent falls, (where 1 not possible) Proper use of work equipment or other measures to minimise the consequences of falls, (reduce distance of fall or nets), where 2 not possible), 18.11.4.1 General The storage of stationary, books and other office materials at a safe height, unless safety kickstools or stepladders are provided. Where items are stored at a height, portable safety kick stools or stepladders should be provided for accessing books/goods. The installation and maintenance of shelving with due regard for the nature of materials being stored on them and the securing of same by fixing to the wall or adequate bracing. If shelves that need to be accessed by stepladders are located adjacent to a door, ensure the door can be locked for the intended duration. If this is not possible the door should be kept in an open position and appropriate warning signs erected when the stepladder is in use. Never throw books, stationary etc. to anyone else from a height, always pass them hand to hand. Ensure that shoes/footwear are dry and clean before using stepladders or safety kick stools. The prompt reporting of any defective shelving to the Buildings and Estates Office. Do not carry bulky or heavy materials up/down on stepladders. Where possible, ask another staff member to hand the item to you. The purchasing of new ladders or stepladders to comply with EN 131 and marked accordingly. The prompt reporting of defective seating to General Services and removal of it from service. The provision of extension poles or steps to operate/close high level windows. 18.11.4.2 Ladders, Stepladders and Trestles: Scaffolds, mobile elevating work platforms, anchored fall arrest systems, flat roofs and excavations with permanent or temporary guard rails at the edge are the main means of preventing falls from height The training of users in the precautions relating to stepladders. Refer to H.S.A. Guidance Note G.S. 31 'Safe Use of Ladders, Stepladders and Trestles.' The regular inspection of stepladders for defects and the inspection of the locking bar/chain on each side to restrict the degree of opening. Make sure ladders are in good condition and promptly report obvious defects. Check the rungs and stiles for warping, cracking or splintering. Never use a ladder that has been painted in such a way that defects cannot be seen. All ladders must be properly secured at or near the top to prevent sideways movement and bottom, even in use for a short period. One should always have an assistant to hold the ladder/or to provide help in an emergency. If it cannot be secured at the top, it should be secured at the bottom, weighted or footed. Footing the ladder is a good technique if the top bears on fragile material or the feet are on a smooth surface. A helper should also be available to provide help in an emergency. Ensure the ladder extends at least 1.05 m (3 ft.) above the landing, unless there is adequate handhold at the landing position. Never use a ladder that is not long enough for the job. If it is too long, it should not be placed at an excessive slope. Set the ladder at the correct angle: 1 metre out for every 4 metres in height. The positioning of ladders/stepladders, kick stools etc. should be on a solid level base, prior to use. Shoes on ladder feet are recommended - these may be serrated blocks or take the form of rubber suction cups. Make sure that the ladder is properly positioned for safe access. Remember ladders are only designed for light work, heavy or bulky tools should not be carried up and down. If tools are to be used they should be in a waist belt or shoulder bag, to keep hands free for climbing. Ladders should not be used for work involving stretching or over-reaching. Consider using a mobile access platform or tower scaffold if the work is extensive. When carrying stepladders alone keep the front end well above head height and make as wide a turn as possible. When moving or carrying ladders make sure there are no overhead electrical fittings or power lines. The use of correct, manual handling techniques when carrying erecting and moving ladders, stepladders, trestles and scaffolds. When an extendible ladder is in use, ensure there is at least 1metre overlap of sections. Never separate the sections of such ladders, as they are not designed for individual use. The top half is particularly dangerous if used as an ordinary ladder. Safety hoops should be fitted to fixed vertical ladders and installed to elevated platforms, where a person could fall. Do not reach sideways more than you can safely stretch. Avoid overreaching. Dismount and relocate the ladder/stepladder or kickstool. Always face the ladder/stepladder when ascending and descending. Remember to grip the uprights and not the rungs when climbing or descending. Ensure no materials or equipment are left when work is finished that may subsequently fall from height. 18.11.5 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.11.6 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Office/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.5.6.   DEPARTMENT SAFETY STATEMENT DOCUMENT NO.2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.11.0 - Working at Height Rev.4 seq _endnote \* ArabicError! Main Document Only.  PAGE 4 of  NUMPAGES 4 DOCUMENT NO.2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.11.0 - Working at Height (Cont.) Rev.4 seq _endnote \* ArabicError! 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