ࡱ> \^[  'bjbj++ qZAAp. . $"""Pr,""::4nnnIII["]"]"]"]"]"]",$^'"IIIII"}nn"}}}Inn["}I["}}!"y@Ц!G""0""(}(("}"0III""}III"(IIIIIIIII. :   INTRODUCTION As stated in Document No.1 Section 3 Department Safety Management System, the ҹ޸þ are duty bound under safety legislation to manage and conduct H&S and carry out and maintain written risk assessments for all of its areas of activities. Functional managers are delegated this task on behalf of the employer. The afore mentioned is a core business activity to meet legal obligations but also to meet the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of daily operational management.. The objective is to identify hazards and to prioritise remedial action, which is based on the prevention. minimisation of risk of injury or ill health to exposed persons. It is a major part of proactive Safety Management to prevent accidents or injury from occurring. The Regulations do not however, specify what methods of risk assessment should be used or how they should be carried out, provided certain criteria are met. The assessment, according to the HSA, should however: - Identify the obvious significant hazards Be appropriate, adequate and be recorded Take account of the number of persons affected or exposed Evaluate and rank the risks in order of priority Determine that the precautions in place are adequate or to be implemented are reasonably practicable Ensure the remaining risk is low, so far, as is reasonably practicable Include procedures to review the assessment if there is reason to suspect it is no longer valid or significant changes have taken place 19.1.2 HAZARD, RISK AND RISK ASSESSMENT TERMINOLOGY Definitions used in hazard identification & risk assessment include: - HAZARD: A hazard is "any situation, substance or article that has the potential to cause harm or injury to life, or damage to property and the environment" Note that under existing safety legislation, harm is usually defined to what can only happen to people i.e. injury, physical or mental ill health or death. However, it is recommended that harm to property and equipment is included in the assessment process, as insurers will want to see what management systems are in place before deciding on premiums. The nature, characteristics and significance of the hazard need to be established and categorised, i.e. Physical, Chemical, Biological or Psychosocial (Human factors). Some examples of these could be categorised as follows: - PHYSICALCHEMICALHUMAN FACTORSBIOLOGICALFireExplosivesTrainingMicrobialEquipmentFlammablesOrganisationFungalHigh/Low temperatureOxidisersCommunicationFloral High/Low pressuresToxicsHygieneBacterial/ViralHigh/Low energy CorrosivesSecurityParasitesRadiationSensitisersStressProtozoa NoiseAllergensBullyingSterilisation ElectricalCarcinogensHarassmentBiotechnologyMachineryMutagensPregnancyMedical workManual handlingReproductive toxics DisabilityAnimal workErgonomicReactivityWorking timeHospital workWorkplaceWaste streamsSusceptibilityBiological laboratoriesHousekeepingStorageAge/ExperienceWaste disposal N.B. Fire is a unique and dangerous phenomenon that may be caused by a variety of the above e.g. chemicals, electricity, friction, storage, wastes, smoking or even human carelessness. Common hazard factors that may occur in the above categories are waste streams, poor housekeeping, poor storage practices and inadequate ventilation. 19.1.2 HAZARD, RISK AND RISK ASSESSMENT TERMINOLOGY (Cont.) VULNERABILITY: The susceptibility of individuals, property and the environment to harm or damage if a hazard manifests its potential RISK: A risk is "the probability that harm or injury to life, or damage to property and the environment will occur." Risk has always two elements (1) the likelihood that a hazard may be realised or occur and (2) the consequences of the hazardous event. RISK ASSESSMENT: This is a process of evaluating and ranking the risks to health & safety arising from hazards at the workplace. It involves estimating the magnitude (probability of occurrence coupled with the consequence i.e. severity of harm, injury or damage), e.g. risk of serious injury due to falling off a ladder or risk of severing a finger due to it becoming trapped in a machine. Risks are generally ranked in the order of LOW, MODERATE, SUBSTANTIAL or HIGH. One then has to assess whether the risk is acceptable or whether more precautions need to be taken to prevent harm. (Note. Risk Assessment should not be confused with determining what is safe. SAFETY is not measurable and is a highly relative attribute that can change from time to time or be judged differently in various contexts. SAFETY is a judgement of the acceptability of risk, which is a distinctly different action, based on political or human opinions at the time.) NOTE: A basic hazard spotting and risk assessment protocol is given in Section 19.10 and should be attempted prior to addressing the following. Examples of detailed hazard and risk assessments are included in Appendix I. 19.1.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION CHECKLISTS A range of specimen hazard identification checklists is included in the Section 19.3.0 and the Department/Section/Unit should complete all, if relevant. They are used firstly to assist in the identification of non-specific and specific hazards and/or whether the Department is in breach of current health and safety legislation. Secondly, they are used to assess routine risks to safety and health of employees and others at the place of work or activity i.e. are useful for conducting simple Risk Assessments. The one difficulty with checklists is that they tend to be general and may not be suitable for certain departments e.g. where specialised equipment, apparatus or processes are used. In these cases, site specific checklists or other means will have to be designed and used (see Section 19.10.0 for guidance on basic hazard spotting exercises). The Head of the particular department should nominate someone with the necessary expertise and experience to design these checklists. Advice should also be sought from manufacturers of specialised scientific or engineering equipment regarding safety, hazards, maintenance and usage of same. The questions on the checklist are structured to give either YES, NO or NOT APPLICABLE (N/A) answers. Negative answers indicate that further investigation is required or that a risk assessment may be required. At this early identification stage, it may be found that some simple corrective action is all that is required or that some hazards could simply be eliminated. In either case, the safety actions or controls taken should be recorded on the Safety Action Plan in Section 20, Document 4. Technical assistance should be sought from the Buildings Office when completing the General Workplace, Fire Safety or Electricity checklists. Each checklist should be retained within the Department when completed. It should also be noted that the checklists do not purport to be exhaustive and other hazards identified should be included by revising and amending the checklist. [See Amendment and Revision Procedures Document No.1, Section 2]. Other sources of information on hazards may be obtained from Accident Reports and First Aid Records in the Department. Some of the hazards identified using the checklists may be significant or require to be examined in more detail and accordingly may require to be subjected to a detailed Risk Assessment as per Section 19.4.0. Note. These checklists may be re-designed to cover other Physical, Chemical, Psychosocial and Biological hazard factors.   DEPARTMENT SAFETY STATEMENT DOCUMENT NO.3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment SECTION 19. 1. 0 - Terminology and Checklists Rev.4 Date: May 08 PAGE  PAGE 1 of  NUMPAGES 2 Common\Doc 3\Sect 19.1 DOCUMENT NO.3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment SECTION 19. 1. 0 - Terminology and Checklists (Cont.) 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