ࡱ> GIF $bjbj++ V>AA<dd44$Pd$<&j4111%%%%%%%,'9*%1[111%44c%14%1%R"%6*%00$%%0& %**<*%*%&P%0111%%111&*111111111d :    1.0 INTRODUCTION From past accident case surveys in laboratories/industry, it would appear that storage related incidents are a significant source of accidents and also the most damaging and expensive. Indefinite and uncontrolled accumulation of surplus reagents can create storage problems and hazardous situations. Chemicals that deteriorate over time may cause difficult disposal problems. Also chemicals that react easily with water or oxygen are prone to deteriorate over time in storage especially if the original container has been opened. Severe hazards may be caused by peroxide forming chemicals that that have exceeded the storage time limit after opening. Correct chemical storage is essential to maintaining a safe working environment - particularly when more and more chemicals are being used. While this might not appear to have direct relevance to some departments, because of the small amounts involved, or because some substances are biochemicals, the hazard control/reduction requirements are universal. Problems related to safe storage of chemicals will be reduced by the principles of Limitation and Segregation and other storage criteria outlined below. LIMITATION Limiting Stock & Supply: Limiting the stock of chemicals on site, in the department, on hand or in use at the actual work area Purchasing only the amount which will be used in a reasonably short time (to be ascertained from department records) The principle of limiting stock, is outlined schematically below and may be modified to suit your particular needs. It also has the benefit of preventing chemicals degrading in storage by regular stock rotation.  Limiting Access: One person should be assigned overall responsibility for storage and purchasing Only designated personnel should be allowed enter and withdraw chemicals from the stockroom Only designated personnel should be allowed to return chemicals to the stockroom SEGREGATION: Segregate storage areas from working areas, this reduces the potential of extensive damage to personnel and equipment if an accident occurs Segregate chemicals from other incompatible chemicals that react with each other and may cause fires, explosions or release of toxic gases. For instance, acids inadvertently in contact with any cyanide salt would release lethal hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Obviously in the immediate work areas, the amounts stored on shelves, in cabinets, fringes, etc., will be small, however the principle of segregation should still apply. STORAGE FACILITIES: The types of storage facilities are determined by: stock levels required for the amount and variety of chemicals required physical and chemical properties of materials used space requirements as against space available financial costs legal and local regulation requirements STORAGE SYSTEMS: A very basic chemical storage system could consist of 5 sections, e.g. Flammable storage cabinets for flammable chemicals Reactive or oxidising agents storage well away from flammable or combustibles 5.3 Toxic chemicals which present health hazards, in a secure cabinet 5.4 Corrosive chemicals' storage, which should be away from (1), (2) and (3) 5.5 General storage for chemicals of moderate hazard in any category 5.0 STORAGE SYSTEMS (Cont.) One problem with the above basic system is that certain corrosives, e.g. organic acids should not be stored with some inorganic acids with oxidising potential. (Please also refer to Appendix XXII Chemical Incompatibility chart) Segregating by class should be carefully considered with further sub-divisions of the basic system with specifically designed storage areas. Some departments/centres may require up to 20 sub-divisions for chemical storage. For the various areas where chemicals are stored in stockrooms, the following sub-divisions could be considered, in conjunction with the principle of Limitation outlined earlier. There should be proper location systems for ensuring chemicals are returned to their correct place. This to operate in conjunction with proper training to make sure the user complies with the system adopted. The list of chemical classes, suggested below, could be modified and adapted to suit the individual department/centre: Inorganic corrosives Inorganic oxidising reagents Inorganic unstable/explosive substances General inorganics Metals Flammable/combustible metals Perchloric acid and salts Extremely or highly flammable organic substances Flammable organic substances Organic oxidising substances Organic unstable/explosive substances Organic corrosives General organics Toxic substances N.B. Various categories of compressed gases e.g. Flammable, toxic, oxidising, cryogen, asphyxiant, non-flammable, etc., should also be considered as part of the storage management scheme. Also note that all chemical storage areas should be clearly identified by the appropriate hazard warning signs and have emergency & first aid equipment available. Passive ventilation, bunding/spill containment trays, an emergency eyewash, spill response equipment (to include absorbents/neutralising agents) and fire fighting equipment should be considered as a pre-requisite of any chemical store. Important: The question of storage precautions should always be dealt with by reference to the suppliers recommendation on their Safety Data Sheets or other reference sources. 6.0 LABELLING Another common problem with the storage of reagents is the deterioration of labels on containers. Any container where the identity of its contents is uncertain, due to the label being illegible or missing, should be discarded. Where the contents have been identified with certainty it should be re-labelled. All labels should be durable and not effected by chemical residues. A good labelling system should include the following printed information: chemical name (CAS Registry Number) or contents (composition and concentration) storage location code (position on shelf or storeroom) date of acquisition and shelf life nature of hazards (use EC Hazard symbol) other relevant data e.g. research sample, reaction mixture, name of worker Labels while of great assistance are of little value however, if there is no mechanism in place for the periodic checking of reagents left in storage or orphan reaction mixture left in laboratories. There should be a proactive laboratory safety system where chemicals stocks must be regularly examined and culled, disposed of (or returned to supplier), if the labels indicate they are out of date or have deteriorated. In academic institutions, where there is a high turnover of researchers/postgraduates, departments should consider operating a check out procedure that requires departing laboratory workers to identify any research mixtures that they not disposed of or have left without any safety labelling.     DEPARTMENT SAFETY STATEMENT DOCUMENT: Appendices APPENDIX XIX - Guidance on the Safe Storage of Chemicals Rev.2 Date: Mar 06 PAGE  PAGE 1 of  NUMPAGES 2 AppSc\Appendix\XIX DOCUMENT: Appendices APPENDIX XIX - Guidance on the Safe Storage of Chemicals (Cont.) 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