ࡱ> _a^ ?bjbjΚΚ q^s6M PPPPP$tttP\t'L<<:vvvvvv&&&&&&&,](+&Pvvvvv&PPvv&vPvPv&v&6$T&D&t&&0'8&++8T&PT& vvv&&vvv'+vvvvvvvvv :   * INTERPRETATION - "Department" means College/School/Department/Centre/Unit as relevant. 18.16.1 INTRODUCTION Asbestos is a name give to a group of naturally occurring minerals in the form of masses of long silky fibre. Asbestos has been long known for its unique properties i.e. resistance to abrasion, inert to acids and alkalis and stability to elevated temperatures. These attributes meant it was used extensively in the building & construction industry, up until the late 70s/ early 80s, for strengthening cement and plastics. It was also used, by these industries, for heat insulation, fire proofing, sound absorption. Unfortunately, its use has been shown to also cause major health hazards and irreversible diseases (predominately asbestosis, a form of lung cancer). It usually occurs from relatively modest to significant exposure to air containing asbestos dust/small fibres. For this reason the use of most types of asbestos have been banned from general use, since the early 1980s. However, there still is an ever present potential risk, to personnel (particularly maintenance staff), in some areas as quantities of asbestos still exist in parts of the ҹ޸þÒs older buildings (pre 1980s), such as: Lee Maltings Belfast Roof Truses; Lee Maltings Main Boiler House Roof; ҹ޸þ Dental School and Hospital, 1st floor roof tiles to small clinic rooms and Lab Work-Tops on the ground floor - technicians area; Ceiling tiles in the Food Science Process Hall; Pre 1980 Calorifier rooms and Boiler Houses; Geography Building Service Ducts; Gaskets in Plant Rooms; High temperature ducts in the main boiler house and other boilers/plant rooms; Asbestos Cement Roof tiles to buildings and out buildings; Good Shepherd Convent internal walls (c.f. Architectural Preservation report); Chemistry Dept. fume cupboard work surfaces and other pre 1980 Laboratory fumecupboards, Asbestos linings to old muffle furnaces. Asbestos fire protection board to the underside of the stairs in the East Wing, Main Quadrangle. Asbestos (in various forms) may be in walls, tiles, ceilings, insulation or fire doors or fire protection to the soffit of stairways. Since we cannot easily identify it from its appearance, asbestos can only be conclusively detected by a skilled analyst by microscopic examination. There are six different types of asbestos fibres split into two groups. While both groups are different in their chemistry and in the way they formed, they all have the same hazardous properties. the Amphibole group contains Crocidolite (blue asbestos), Amosite (brown asbestos), Anthophyllite, Tremolite (can occur with talc and white asbestos), Actinolite. the Serpentine group contains Chrysotile (white asbestos). Only Chrysotile (white), Crocidolite (blue), Amosite (brown) and Anthophyllite have been mainly used for industrial use. The colours of asbestos are obvious when freshly mined, however all asbestos will turn a similar colour from ageing and exposure to heat. That is why scientific analysis is necessary to determine its classification and type in industrial products. The only type still being mined is Chrysotile. Anthophyllite, Tremolite and Actinolite are generally found as contaminants in Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM). White asbestos (generally used in asbestos cement sheeting and asbestos cement roof tiles) is the least harmful of the group and was the most commonly used building material. It is important to note that there is little or no risk to health from in-situ asbestos materials, which are in a stable, unfrayed or undamaged condition. Significant health risks only arise from exposure to free asbestos fibres and the inhalation of same. In the built environment, the liberation of asbestos fibres may generally only arise from the lack of care by contractors in maintenance or refurbishment work e.g. abrasion, cutting, sawing, drilling of existing materials. 2 LEGISLATION The pertinent Safety, Health and Welfare legislation outlined in Section 3.5 of Document 1, are intended to reduce the risks of health damage caused by exposure to the various forms of asbestos that are known to be in the work place They are intended to reduce the risks of health damage caused by exposure to the various forms of asbestos that are known to be in the work place. They require employers to take safe action where there is reason to believe that a building or workplace contains asbestos. One requirement is that the employer must carry out a risk assessment associated with the type, position, quantities and condition of the material containing asbestos. In addition, an employer must notify the Health & Safety Authority 28 days before starting any work involving or liable to involve exposure of a worker to asbestos fibres. Anyone working with a notifiable asbestos process is entitled to an annual medical examination. It is also recommended that a chest x-ray is carried out every 3-4 years. 18.16.3 HAZARDS Asbestos materials which can be crumbled or powdered by hand pressure are known as friable asbestos. Friable asbestos when damaged or disturbed release tiny fibres into the air. These dusts are extremely light and small, many having an effective aerodynamic diameter between 0.1 to 10 microns. As a result they become easily airborne and can remain suspended in the air for long periods. Asbestos dusts are odourless and tasteless ,even inert, so one may not become aware of their presence. People who live or work near asbestos related operations are exposed to these airborne asbestos fibres and may inhale them. They are then deposited and persist in the respiratory system and even the gut. Even though asbestos fibres are insoluble and not considered classical toxicants, physical irritation of the lung by dust particles or fibres can cause very serious health effects. Asbestos is a confirmed carcinogen, causing asbestos-related disease. There is usually a long delay, called the latent period between exposure to asbestos dust and onset of the disease. This may vary between 15 - 60 years. Since it has been established that there is no safe level of exposure to asbestos dust, it is vital that the strictest precautions should be taken to avoid the generation of asbestos dust. Personnel who work around or disturb asbestos and ACM are at risk from developing asbestos associated disease. The occupational groups at the greatest risk include: maintenance personnel, fitters, electricians, engineers, demolition workers, plumbers, mechanics, insulators, cabling engineers, fire fighters, asbestos stripping workers etc. If repair work or refurbishment is carried out which damages asbestos products in buildings e.g. drilling, sawing, cutting or other disturbances, asbestos fibres may be inadvertently released into the air. These may be inhaled by the workers or other personnel subsequently. These fibres may linger and endanger the health of building users, long after the maintenance work has been undertaken! The amount of asbestos one is exposed to disturbing ACM will vary according to several factors viz. the air borne fibre concentration the duration of exposure breathing rate of person weather conditions and whether PPE was worn or not. the method which inflicted damage i.e. cutting, drilling, abrasion, sawing etc. The following diseases are associated with significant exposure to asbestos: Asbestosis: A chronic lung ailment caused by the development of scar tissue in the lungs. Mesothelioma: An asbestos cancer of the chest cavity lining or abdominal cavity. Other cancers: Other cancers of the lung, oesophagus, stomach, colon and pancreas. NOTE: (1) In all cases, smoking can increase the risk ten fold. (2) Isolated short-term exposure, whilst unlikely to result in long-term health (generally 40 years development period), may be a source of worry/stress and may culminate in mental/physical ill-health. Hence early counselling is advisable in the event of accidental exposure. 18.16.4 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: Check lists provided (where applicable) and Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.16.5 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: The department in conjunction with the Buildings and Estates Office should identify any/all suspected asbestos materials in the workplace. N.B. In the past, asbestos was used commonly as: Spray coating on steelwork, concrete walls and ceilings for fire protection & insulation etc. Insulation lagging in buildings, pipework, boilers and ducting etc. Insulation board such as Asbestolux and Marinite used in wall partitions, fire doors, ceiling tiles etc. Cement products such as roof tiles, flues, gutters, cold water tanks, wall sheeting, pipes and plaster finishes etc. ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED (Cont.) Using a competent analyst (Enterprise Ireland or College Occupational Hygienist or Professor J. Heffron, Department of Biochemistry, UCC) to determine the type and nature of asbestos present in the suspect materials or products. Recording where all asbestos is and its type/condition (via a building register and A4 drawings). This should be a public document. Ensuring all asbestos containing materials (ACM) are in good condition and sealed/mechanically protected (as necessary). Are clearly labelled in-situ with warning signs (by the Buildings & Estates Office), are re-checked before any work starts and cross checked with the building register. Instituting a management control programme so that asbestos is not disturbed during maintenance or refurbishment or otherwise damaged (e.g. by unauthorised storage in service ducts, unauthorised drilling, vandalism, fire, and water or wind abrasions). Notifying the Health & Safety Authority 28 days before starting any work involving or liable to involve exposure of a worker to asbestos fibres Ensuring that the personnel involved have received information, instruction and training in precautions to be used for asbestos related work. Specialist registered contractors should be engaged to remove pipes/boilers with asbestos intact i.e. without cutting/disturbing asbestos and liberating fibres. Similarly, sheeting should be removed intact wherever possible. Preventing exposure to asbestos to all other personnel by using specialist contractors. Ensuring that workers wear suitable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clothing for the tasks involved, [see Section 18.30]. This should not be regarded as a substitute for engineering controls. Workers should not rely entirely on personal protective equipment as they may not be: worn/fitted correctly properly maintained are inconvenient or uncomfortable to wear Controlling contamination spread and reducing exposure by using sealed enclosures, with positive pressure and airlock access, using appropriate dust extraction equipment and dampening the material involved. Prohibiting unauthorised access during asbestos removal work and erecting appropriate warning signs. Not using power tools that create air borne asbestos dusts. Using hand tools instead. Prohibiting the use of brushing. Treating insulating or cementitous materials in old buildings with suspicion (i.e. as if they contain asbestos). Obtaining advice if in doubt. Not allowing waste containing asbestos to accumulate. Putting asbestos into suitable sealed containers such as heavy-duty plastic bags. Putting this bag into another bag and attaching warning labels to show that it contains asbestos. (Asbestos waste is regarded as a designated hazardous type of waste, but may be sent to the landfill by prior arrangement). Establishing measurements for the concentration of asbestos in the air in any work area, where asbestos stripping work is carried out. The following Occupational Exposure Limit values for air borne asbestos averaged over an 8 hour time weighted average are specified for contractors, e.g.: 0.3 fibres per millilitre of air for blue and brown asbestos (Crocidolite and Amosite respectively) 0.6 fibres per millilitre of air for white asbestos (Chrysotile) Establishing that the concentrations of asbestos in air do not exceed 0.01 fibre per millilitre of air, in any area prior to re-use/re-occupation. (This is the level of detection and Forbairts recommendations for designating an area safe to re-occupy/use by staff). Clearing up all asbestos dust using a dustless engineering method e.g. type H vacuum cleaner with a high efficiency filter. Alternatively using damp cloths and disposing of them as asbestos waste. Ensuring that persons exposed to asbestos by work or otherwise thoroughly wash hands, face before eating, drinking or smoking. Ensuring that non disposable protective clothing is not be taken home for washing. (They should be sent to a specialist laundry). Any member of staff who has accidental exposure to free asbestos should be referred to the College Occupational Health Physician, for health surveillance and counselling. 18.16.6 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.16.7 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Office/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.5.6.   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