ࡱ> ~} "/bjbjΚΚ q%Y   $ PN!j!| +""4######*******,0-/#+ ######+B$ ##8+:B$B$B$# # #*B$#*B$B$(*@JD#**r+<+*z0B$z0$*B$ * ####+#+B$###+z0#########  :   * INTERPRETATION - "Department" means College/School/Department/Centre/Unit as relevant. 18.21.1 INTRODUCTION While there are considerable differences in the nature and scope of work carried out in many laboratories, the principles of laboratory safety remain the same. It is accepted that a well run and well organised laboratory, with clearly defined safety policy, is likely to be safe and pose little risks to the health of workers. This safety policy or statement of intent must show how it is to be implemented and by whom. It must also be translated into safe working practices, rules and include systems and procedures to ensure personnel and other are protected in a laboratory environment. The important thing is that the practices, procedures, controls etc., established are pertinent to the activities carried out within the laboratory. The main Regulations applicable to ҹ޸þ departments are detailed in Document No.1 Section 3.5. In particular, the regulations pertaining to the use of hazardous Chemical, Biological or Physical Agents are of special importance and relevance to laboratories. In any case, the Regulations require written risk assessments to be carried out, where persons may be exposed to any hazardous situations or agents (see below). In certain circumstances, occupational health surveillance may also be required (see Section 11.0). 18.21.2 HAZARDS The main hazards associated with laboratories are due to chemical, physical, biological and human factors 18.21.2.1Chemical Hazards [See Section 18.31 Chemicals] Chemical hazards are associated with laboratory operations and relate to the use, handling, storage and disposal of: Harmful and toxic substances Irritant and corrosive substances Flammable substances Explosive substances and mixtures Substances harmful to animals, plants and the environment While all substances may be hazardous to health, under certain conditions the above substances confer risks over a wide range of normal conditions. They generally have one or more of the following characteristics: High acute or chronic toxicity Carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic properties. Severe irritant or corrosive properties Low flash points React spontaneously Powerful oxidising or reducing properties N.B. Radioactive chemicals are not dealt with in this section as they are subject to special legislation 18.21.2.2Physical Hazards The main physical hazards associated with laboratory operations relate to: Glass handling [See Section 18.24 Laboratory Glass Apparatus] Apparatus and Equipment [See relevant Sections in the Index of Document Number 2] Electricity [See Section 18.10 Electricity] Fire [See Section 18.2 Fire] Machinery, Tools [See Section 18.33 Engineering & Scientific Workshops] High or low energy sources (e.g. pressure, thermal) [See Sections 18.22, 18.23, 18.39, 18.42, 18.34] Ergonomic Ventilation (local and general) [See Sections 18.36 and 18.37] Radiation (ionising and non-ionising) sources [See Sections 18.27 and 18.43] Manual Handling [See Section 18.4] Other physical hazards may be unrelated to specific operations or processes. These would include slips, trips and fall, cuts and abrasions, burns from hot liquids, flames or surfaces. Environmental hazards arise from poor lighting, poor layout, poor housekeeping etc. 18.21.2.3 Psycho-Social Hazards Sometimes overlooked in laboratory safety are the hazards related to human factors, the main ones are: Training that is inadequate or outdated Organisation of work and responsibilities Management skills, style and example setting e.g. safety awareness Poor communication skills in verbal or written instructions Psychological, attitude of operator to safety and stress Physiological e.g. make up, age, pre-disposition etc. Hygiene (personal and work practices) Laboratory accidents and even ill health often had its origin traced to human behaviour and should always be considered and identified. 18.21.2.4Biological Hazards [See Section 18.36.0 Biological & Biomedical Laboratories and Section 18.35 Biological Safety Cabinets] Workers in biological laboratories, in addition to chemical, physical and human factor hazards are also exposed to the unique hazards relating to living micro-organisms. These hazards arise because micro-organisms or agents encountered may grow and multiply in the host organism. They may also in time propagate from host to host resulting in contagion. Their growth, metabolic process and secretions can change the metabolic organic or genetic characteristics of the host producing acute, chronic or irreversible health effects to the worker or other persons exposed. 18.21.3 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: Check lists provided (where applicable) and Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.21.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: Establish protocols and training programmes to cover the safe use, handling and storage of chemical and biological agents. Involve all staff in the safety programme with defined responsibilities. Update chemical and equipment hazard information, from suppliers material safety data sheets (MSDS) and equipment makers. Introduce laboratory safety and housekeeping audits. Evaluate procedures for foreseeable problems that may lead to emergency situations viz. Fires Chemical spills Explosions or runaway reactions Electrical shocks Physical or chemical injuries to workers Release of compressed toxic, asphyxiating, flammable, corrosive gases Release of pathogens or biological agents Inhalation, ingestion or absorption of toxic materials Generation of toxic, harmful -gases, vapours, fumes and dusts Power failures involving loss of light or ventilation Failure of fume cupboards or safety cabinets Release of radioactive substances 18.21.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED (Cont.) Evaluate and ensure provision of emergency equipment such as: Plumbed eyewash stations Chemical deluge showers Fire extinguishers/suppressant systems Fire blankets Gas detection and alarm systems Emergency lighting First aid kits and trained first aiders Fire detection and alarm systems Personal Protective Equipment (Chemical resistant suit, respirators, gloves etc.) Chemical spill kits and absorptive materials and containment materials e.g. booms, sand, non-sparking shovels Environmental air testing equipment Prepare Laboratory Safety Manual and Laboratory Safety Rules [see Appendix XXIV A Safe Working Guide for Laboratories]. Ensure Safety Manual and Laboratory Safety Rules are enforced. Ensure First Aid facilities, medical attention and appropriate chemical antidotes are available/adequate [see Section 9] Establish controlled access to laboratory areas during normal hours, with no access (e.g. code locked doors), after these hours or at weekends without prior written authorisation by senior staff. Permission should detail type of experiment or work being carried out and a pass for security staff to vet before admission is allowed. A sign in and out record book to be kept of after hours work. Set up procedures for unattended experiments. [See Section 18.26]. Limit chemical stocks in storage and in the laboratory [see Appendix XIX] and ensure proper segregation of incompatible chemicals. Examine and ensure chemical labelling is readable, adequate and durable on containers. The labelling should comply with the EU Chemical Symbols, pictograms and display the Risk & Safety phrases. Carry out Risk Assessments on all aspects of laboratory practices, equipment and chemicals [see Section 19.3.17 and Section 19.3.18]. Review staff personal practices. Ensure safety signs location, visibility comply with current obligatory Safety Signs Regulations Review maintenance programmes on laboratory equipment and ensure compliance with the manufacturers instructions for safe use and maintenance. Examine safety of contractors, visitors and establish laboratory rules. Review safety of employees from contractors working on/near fumecupboards, electrics, water/drainage supplies. Assess personal protective equipment availability, usage and maintenance. [See Section 18.30]. Examine spill control and waste disposal procedures. [See Appendix XVIII]. Set up procedures for working alone or outside normal hours. [See Section 18.29]. Establish periodic environmental monitoring. Ensure training for use of equipment, appliances or machinery. Develop and motivate safety awareness. Set up Codes of Practices for hazardous techniques or operations. Evaluate the maintenance and test procedures for the general ventilation system Assess the performance and maintenance of fume cupboards and other safety equipment. [See Section18.37]. ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.21.6 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Lab/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.5.6.   DEPARTMENT SAFETY STATEMENT DOCUMENT NO. 2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.21.0 - Laboratories (General) Rev.4 PAGE   PAGE 4 of  NUMPAGES 4 AppSc\Doc2\Sect18.21 DOCUMENT NO. 2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.21.0 - Laboratories [General] (Cont.) 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