ࡱ> OQN -%bjbjΚΚ q@annnnn$PTM$LJ J 4~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ #######,%K(#n~ ~ ~ ~ ~ #!nn~ ~ $!!!~ n~ n~ #!~ #!!V"#@+E!x# #$0M$# (!(#!n# ~ ~ ~ ##!~ ~ ~ M$(~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~  4:   * INTERPRETATION - "Department" means College/School/Department/Centre/Unit as relevant. 18.24.1 GENERAL Glass apparatus and glassware are widely used in all fields of scientific work in laboratories. Glass is a most useful material for scientific operations, as it can be worked into very complicated shapes and is resistant to most chemicals (the exception being fluorides and hydrofluoric acid). It is transparent and is unaffected to extremely high temperatures. It also a very strong material withstanding pressures as high as 210,000 to 280,000 kilograms per square centimetre. The variety of glass materials, their compositions and physical properties are extensive e.g. borosilicate like Pyrex (Glassware)soda lime used for glass sheets etc.fused silica used for opticslead alkali glass used in shieldingfibre glass materialsnon-silicate glass used for opticsalumino- silicate for high temperaturesother types However, it is extremely fragile especially if it has surface flaws. It is also susceptible to thermal shock, by rapid change in temperature. Its broken pieces are very sharp and can be responsible for causing serious injuries. 18.24.2 HAZARDS Many minor and major laboratory accidents have arisen from the poor handling of glassware. Many injuries are caused by broken glass e.g. cuts, abrasions and puncture and maybe relatively minor or very dangerous. These injuries provide an easy route for toxic substances and biological agents to enter the body. 18.24.3 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: Check lists provided (where applicable) and (ii) Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.24.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: Staff should be thoroughly trained in the cutting, bending and annealing of glass tubing and also in the assembly and dismantling of glass apparatus, if they are required to do this as part of their work. Great care must be taken in handling glassware. Sharp or local impacts, scratches or intense localised heating are to be avoided as much as possible. Avoid damage to glassware during storage, by bumping or rolling in storage locations. Delicate glass items should be protected in containers or by packing material. All glassware must be checked for visible defects prior to use. Any defective or damaged glassware must be disposed of immediately. Glass tubes or rods should be stored horizontally. Long lengths of glass tubing must be carried in a vertical position. Glass tubing or rod must be broken by using a cloth positioned close to a scribed. Lines/marks should be produced with a file or glasscutter. Sharp files or glasscutters must be used. Protective gloves or suction pad handles should be used when carrying sheet glass. Sheet glass should be carried sandwiched between two sheets of plywood. (Securely held in position, over the glass sheet). Broad glass tubing should be cracked apart by placing a red hot wire or cord on a scribed line/mark which rings the tubing. Glass rods and the ends of glass tubing must be rounded in a flame. When inserting rods or tubing into rubber bungs, the tube or rod end must be rounded, lubricated with water or glycerine, and gently pushed with the fingers. Hold the glass near the end to be inserted thus minimising torque. Hold the glass with a towel or rag to protect the hand in case the glass breaks. The palm of the hand must be kept out of line with the rod/tube. (N.B. If any significant force is required, the bung hole is too small and an alternative bung should be used). 18.24.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED (cont.) When inserting glass pipettes into mechanical pipettes, the pipette end should be held in a towel/rag and held close to the suction end to avoid stress on the glass. Glassware in large assemblies must be well supported and erected carefully. Graduated cylinders can tip over and break easily, this can be obviated by placing a thick rubber disc around the neck to reduce to contact force with the bench. Glassware used at high pressure must be protected to avoid injury if an explosion occurs. This may be achieved with secure metal frames and impact grade Perspex guards. Glassware used at low pressures must be protected to avoid injury if implosion occurs. This may be achieved with wire cages, tapes or tough plastic film. For removing glass from a stopper, the handle of a file should be wetted with glycerine, then the lubricant should be worked between the glass and rubber all round by twisting the file. (This will ease the removal of the glass). Oil baths should only be used for heating glass flasks, when fitted with a thermostat under direct control. Heating mantles should be used to heat flasks or reaction vessels to ensure uniform heating Electric heating mantles of the correct size, are the safest method of heating glass flasks above the temperature of water baths Bunsen burners many only be used for heating non-flammable materials in glass flasks, provided it is under a wire gauze and for teaching purposes. When heating glass, slow initial heating is advisable, especially when using a combustion tube in a gas train. Carboys and Winchesters must be treated with special care and never picked up or carried by the neck. Glass bottles etc. containing volatile organic solvents should not be stored near any heat sources. Bottles of chemicals should not be stored on window ledges or in direct sunlight. Broken glass must be brushed up or picked up using a tongs. Broken glass must be disposed of in a separately marked suitable waste bin, (strong/stable and labelled Broken glass). Prior to any glass-blowing operations on experiment systems, ensure all toxic or flammable vapours have been thoroughly purged from the system. Ensure a flashback arrester is fitted, to gas fuel supply lines for glassblowing operations Glassware should be cleaned with proprietary detergents normally. Chromic acid cleaning should only be employed as a cleaner when solvents or detergents are inadequate. Where chromic acid is used, safe operating practices and training should be used to ensure personal protection from this highly corrosive and toxic chemical. 18.24.5 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.24.6 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Lab/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.   DEPARTMENT SAFETY STATEMENT DOCUMENT NO. 2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.24.0 - Laboratory Glass Apparatus Rev.1 PAGE   PAGE 1 of  NUMPAGES 2 AppSc\Doc2\Sect18.24 DOCUMENT NO. 2: Requirements for the Control of Hazards and Risks SECTION 18.24.0 - Laboratory Glass Apparatus (Cont.) 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