ࡱ> jli 9bjbjΚΚ n\/ttDDDDD$hhhP$dh<@@LK<M<M<M<M<M<M<,>A<Dy<x!DD<x!x!x!DDK<x!K<x!x!8<*BF2;:7<<0<;:Bx!Bt<x!D< y<y<x!<Bt :    18.13.1 LEGISLATION The current Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Control of Noise at Work) Regulations, are intended to reduce the risks to employees safety and health arising from exposure to noise during their work - and in particular risks to hearing. Definition: Noise is measured in decibels - written as dB(A). The noise level (loudness) is measured on a scale from a silent zero dB(A) to 140 dB(A) in the noisiest situation. As a simple example, if you cannot hear clearly what someone is saying when you are 2 m. away, the level is likely to be around 85 dB(A) or higher. If you cannot hear clearly what someone is saying when you are about 1 m. away, the level is likely to be around 90 dB(A) or higher. The Exposure Limit Values and Exposure Action Values in respect to the daily exposure limit values and peak sound pressure are: - Exposure Limit Values (ELV) L EX,.8 h = 87 dB(A) over 8 hrs and P peak = 140 dB(C) in relation to 20 (Pa., Upper Exposure Action Values (UEAV) - L EX,.8 h = 85 decibels dB(A) is an average over 8 hours and P peak = 137 dB(C) in relation to 20 (Pa., Lower Exposure Action Values (LEAV) - L EX,.8 h = 80 decibels dB(A) is an average over 8 hours and P peak = 135 dB(C) in relation to 20 (Pa., Note. When determining - (a) Exposure Limit Values - for an employees effective exposure, the employer must take account of attenuation provided by hearing protectors worn by the employee. However when determining (b) and (c), the employer must not take account of the effect of any such hearing protectors worn by the employee. The Lower Exposure Action Value (LEAV) - as defined above - means that if employees are exposed to 80 dB(A) or peak of 137 dB(C), then the employer has to inform them of the possible hazards from exposure and make available hearing protection for those that request it. The Upper Exposure Action Value (UEAV) - as defined above - means that if employees are exposed to of 85 dB(A) or peak of 137 dB(C), the area becomes a hearing protection zone. At this level the employer must look at means to reduce the noise to below 85 and provide hearing protection. However, the regulations look at hearing protection as an interim measure and the employer must look at an action plan with the view to reducing noise levels at source below the UEAV. Where exposure to noise is intermittent and varies from one day to the next, then the regulations allow for any noise assessment to be based over a weekly dose rather than just a daily dose. For these types of exposures the Exposure Limit Value (ELV) is applied and employees must not be exposed to over 87 dB(A) over a week. Under the previous regulations, a third action level was given as a peak action level. This is for a once off blast of noise and is not an average over 8 hours. No employee can be exposed to more than 140 dB at anyone time. This is because exposure to that level will cause irreversible damage no matter how short the exposure is. However, rather than this one value, the new regulations have peaks - as defined above - for each of the exposure levels. Note. It is most unlikely that noise in offices would regularly reach these levels. Some common sources of noise in offices would include: Ventilation and heating systems; Fluorescent lighting; Typewriters, Laser printers and Photocopiers; Heavy traffic outside VDUs (See Section 18.3); Telephones; People talking;. As with most regulations covering health and safety, the main requirements on an employer can be summed up with the following: Identify sources of noise Assess the risks to the employees Control Reduce risk to as low as is reasonably practicable Implement - the control measures that are required Monitor The controls, the work/equipment creating the risk and the employees affected (health surveillance) Educate - Provide employees with adequate information, training and supervision. 18.13.1 LEGISLATION (Cont.) Workplace noise risk assessments should include appropriate measurements i.e. the level and duration of exposure, including any exposure to impulsive noise - from which a noise control policy to protect all workers at risk. The employer and department should retain a permanent record of the most recent noise survey finding. Where measurements of noise are taken they must be representative of daily personal exposure. This may be relatively straightforward where one is exposed to steady noise levels for their full working day. However, in the case where workers are exposed to highly variable noise levels for intermittent time periods, this may be quite complex and it is essential that to accurately assess the noise employees effective exposure. Therefore, the need for the risk assessment requires competent planning and execution by an occupational hygienist. Records of measurements and other data must be kept for a period of 3 years. 18.13.2 HAZARDS It is well known that exposure to high noise levels can cause incurable hearing damage. The damage caused can take many forms, from a loss of sensitivity that is sometimes wrongly confused with ageing, through distortion and confusion to near total deafness. Noise can be defined as unwanted sound and this is received by the ear in the same way as any other sound - this means that the outer ear or pinna collects and channels airborne sound waves into the auditory canal where they vibrate the eardrum. The vibrations then pass into the middle ear where they are amplified and transferred to the liquid filled inner ear. Inside the inner ear is located the cochlea and it is here that the sensitive hair cells, that transfer vibrations into impulses that the brain can received, are located. It is damage to these hair cells that causes noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). The damage involves the loss of hearing ability that is sometimes made worse by a constant ringing in the ears. This condition is known as tinnitus. Other effects of noise at work include disturbance of concentration, interference with communication and stress, and although the regulations do not deal with them directly, they may cause problems that need to be dealt with. The specific nature and location of these hazards are as set out in the Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment work sheets contained in Document No. 3 attached, e.g. the Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.) 18.13.3 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: Check lists provided (where applicable) and Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.13.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: There are many ways of reducing noise and noise exposure often a combination of methods works best. First think about how to remove the loud noise altogether, i.e. eliminate the source of the noise. If that is not possible, do all that can be done to control the noise at source, consider redesigning the workplace and reorganising working patterns. Take measures to protect individual workers if needed. The UKs Health and Safety Executive suggest considering the following actions: Use a different, quieter process or quieter equipment, e.g.: Can the work be done in some other quieter way? Can whatever is causing the noise with be replaced something that is less noisy? Introduce a low-noise purchasing policy for machinery and equipment. Introduce engineering controls: avoid metal-on-metal impacts, e.g. line chutes with abrasion-resistant rubber, and reduce drop heights; vibrating machine panels can be a source of noise add material to reduce vibration (damping); isolate vibrating machinery or components from their surroundings, e.g. with anti-vibration mounts or flexible couplings; Fit silencers to air exhausts and blowing nozzles. Modify the paths by which the noise travels through the air to the people exposed, e.g.: erect enclosures around machines to reduce the amount of noise emitted into the workplace or environment; use barriers and screens to block the direct path of sound; Position noise sources further away from workers. 18.13.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED (Cont.) Design and lay out the workplace for low noise emission, e.g.: use absorptive materials within the building to reduce reflected sound, e.g. open cell foam or mineral wool; keep noisy machinery and processes away from quieter areas; Design the workflow to keep noisy machinery out of areas where people spend most of their time. Limit the time spent in noisy areas - every halving of the time spent in a noisy area will reduce noise exposure by 3 dB. Proper and regular maintenance of machinery and equipment is essential as it will deteriorate with age and can become noisier. Listen out for changes in noise levels - it may be time to replace worn or faulty parts. When noise levels cant be reduced through removing the hazard or engineering our the problem to below 85 dB (A), then hearing protection must be provided and worn. However, the employer must have in place a plan to work towards reducing the noise at source rather than just relying on hearing protection. With the lowering of the exposure limits employers need to assess the validity of their signage, especially where they have indicated the previous 90-dB level. Also monitoring equipment will have to recalibrated to the new 85 dB level where this was used to indicate a gradual increase in noise levels within a work place. Identify what the representative noise levels are in the workshop or where noisy machinery is used A competent person using proper method and instruments should only carry out noise measurement. Keep records of noise levels and noise reduction measures. Establish how long people are exposed to them and obtain the daily personal noise exposure If noise levels reach or exceed 80dB(A), lower action level tell employees about risks and precautions required. Make hearing protection freely available to those that want it If noise levels reach 85dB(A) upper level, do all that is reasonably practicable to reduce noise by engineering methods other than provide hearing protection. Mark zones where noise reaches the peak action levels with recognised signs to restrict entry. People must not enter these zones without wearing hearing protection. Ensure that workers wear hearing protection where levels are above 85 dB(A). This should not be regarded as a substitute for noise reduction. Eliminate or reduce the source of noise by engineering controls. Do not rely on hearing protectors solely as they may not be: worn/fitted correctly adequate to reduce the noise level properly maintained convenient or comfortable to wear Reduce exposure by rotating jobs or providing noise refuge areas Select quieter machines or processes. If buying new equipment insist on noise generating data before purchase Check whether manufacturers information on noise levels are correct when in use Enclose noisy machinery with acoustic panels properly designed and installed Put noisy machinery in separate rooms Fit silencers on all exhausts which should be well maintained Evaluate whether better maintenance or slower running would reduce noise levels The use of matt surfaces (walls, desks, etc.) can help reduce reflected noise in offices. 18.13.5 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.13.6 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Office/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.5.6.   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