ࡱ> GIF bjbjΚΚ y0i[nnnnn$PD#L: : :t t t t t t s#u#u#u#u#u#u#,H%'#nt t t t t #x!nnt t #x!x!x!t nt nt s#x!t s#x!x!VT"?#DH!v'# _##0#3# (x!(?#x!n?# t t t ##x!t t t #(t t t t t t t t t  4:   * INTERPRETATION - "Department" means College/School/Department/Centre/Unit as relevant. 18.39.1 GENERAL Most laboratory vacuum apparatus is made of Pyrex glass because of its suitability for most work. However glass must be selected and handled with great care because of its inherent fragility. See also Section 18.24.0 Laboratory Glassware 18.39.2 HAZARDS The danger of implosion depends on the absolute pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a system. A soft vacuum or even a water pump system is as hazardous as a high vacuum system of similar dimensions, so the same precautions must be taken. The implosion could shatter glass desiccators or Buckner flasks and release toxic or flammable vapours. Physical injuries may be substantial in some cases. 18.39.3 RISKS The risks associated with the aforementioned hazards are to be assessed by the Department (using the appropriate technical input where necessary). These assessments shall be carried out using: Check lists provided (where applicable) and Departmental Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Work Sheets contained in Document No.3 i.e. Departmental Hazard Risk Assessment (D.H.R.A.). 18.39.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS REQUIRED These hazards and risks will be minimised by the following arrangements and controls: IMPACT GRADE EYE PROTECTION IS MANDATORY WHEN OPERATING GLASS VACUUM APPARATUS. (A FACE VISOR IS RECOMMENDED AS STANDARD). Check all glass components of vacuum apparatus, prior to assembly, for signs of crack or scratches and flaws. Strains and stresses in assembled vacuum equipment can be checked, both before and after filling with reagents, as follows: Use two crossed Polaroid sheets and view the section of glassware in front of a lamp. Areas showing strain will appear darker. Vacuum apparatus shall be screened with tape or safety netting. Wide bore tubing, bulbs and other items shall be strapped with tape and sprayed with PVC. Hanger items shall be encased in a start metal mesh cage. Thin-walled and/or non-spherical flasks shall not be used. Use metal or PVC tubing wherever possible and flexible items. Where flammable or toxic materials are involved in the process, the work shall be carried out in a fume cupboard. Ensure rubber bungs are large enough to resist being sucked in by an evacuated vessel. Vacuums shall be reduced slowly and in a controlled manner before disconnecting vacuum equipment. Ensure stopcocks are properly lubricated and never try to force them. Operate stopcocks slowly with one hand to support the barrel at the same time. Never try to force it. Manometers or parts of the apparatus containing mercury shall be moved slowly as the induced pressure shock could cause the line to rupture. Under no circumstances should a trap cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature be left on an open line to the atmosphere. This may result in water or oxygen condensing inside the line which could result in an explosion if either: the line contains an organic substance or the line is closed to the atmosphere and the trap removed. In general, traps shall be cooled in an Acetone-Cardice mixture rather than liquid N2 When vacuum is used to manipulate hazardous biological materials a suitable trap must be employed to ensure that the vacuum lines, water aspirator or vacuum pump do not become contaminated. A heavy walled vacuum flask with protection and enclosure must also be used to prevent an implosion. Dewars (vacuum) flasks are very sensitive to mechanical shock and should be securely wrapped in plastic tape for the same reason. 18.39.5 ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTROLS The details of the Arrangements and Controls in place and those required in the short, medium and long term, shall be set out by the Department in the forms provided in Document No.4 i.e. Departmental Safety Action Plan (D.S.A.P.). These Arrangements and Controls shall be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis. 18.39.6 RESPONSIBILITIES The following personnel are responsible in the Department/Lab/Area for ensuring the implementation and ongoing compliance with the aforementioned arrangements and controls. AREA/LOCATIONPERSON RESPONSIBLE1.2.3.4.5.6.   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