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See note below

and are discussed in these links to the Hyperphysics website.

For more detsails see the  section on .

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NOTE: The treatments of atomic physics topics given in this section, and in some later sections of this chapter of Understanding Physics, are mostly at an introductory level, the intention being to give students the grounding needed to proceed smoothly to intermediate level courses in Atomic Physics. While links are given to more advanced treatments, students should note that these often cover topics well beyond the scope of Understanding Physics and that they may require more advanced skills than are normally expected in using this textbook.

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Chapter24 Subsection 24.7.1

Click on above link to open Subsection 24.7.1 (downloadable pdf)

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Chapter24 Subsection 24.7.2

Click on above link to open Subsection 24.7.2 (downloadable pdf)